Characteristics of High Speed Electro-thermal Jet Activated by Pulsed DC Discharge

Experimental study of synthetic jet produced by pulsed direct current(DC) discharge is presented.High velocity jet is activated electro-thermally by high frequency pulsed DC discharge in small cavity.A cavity of 2.38 mm diameter cylinder bounded by circular electrode is made in a ceramic plate and a small orifice of 1.78 mm diameter is drilled in the middle of cavity.High frequency pulsed DC discharge instantaneously heats air in the cavity and produces high velocity jet at the exit of the orifice.Schlieren imaging at high framing rate of 100 kHz reveals the presence of supersonic precursor shock followed by the jet emerging from the orifice.The jet velocity reaches as high as about 300 m/s.Jet with smaller cavity volume produces lesser effect and jet velocity reaches maximum at certain cavity volume with given discharge current and orifice size.As duty time of pulse increases from 5 to 20 μs at fixed frequency of 5 kHz,the jet velocity also increases and becomes nearly constant with further increase in duty time.At fixed duty time of 20 μs,higher frequency pulsing of 10 kHz produces degradation of the jet as the discharge pulse continues.The jet developed in this study is demonstrated to be strong enough to penetrate deep into supersonic boundary layer and to produce a bow shock when the jet is issued into Mach 3 supersonic flow.     

Optimization of waveform and detection threshold for range and range-rate tracking in clutter

We address an optimization problem to obtain the combined sequence of waveform parameters (pulse amplitudes and lengths, and FM sweep rates) and detection thresholds for optimal range and range-rate tracking in clutter. The optimal combined sequence minimizes a tracking performance index under a set of parameter constraints. The performance index includes the probability of track loss and a function of estimation error covariances. The track loss probability and the error covariances are predicted using a hybrid conditional average algorithm. The effect of the false alarms and clutter interference is taken into account in the prediction. A measurement model in explicit form is also presented which is developed based on the resolution cell in the delay-Doppler plane for a single Gaussian pulse. Numerical experiments were performed to solve the optimization problem for several examples.     

一种对斑点目标高精度质心跟踪方法

本文介绍一种对运动的斑点目标灰度质心进行高精度跟踪的方法。通过对图象序列中目标质心位置和帧间位移量的测量误差分析，提出了改进的滤波模型，有效地抑制了图象灰度噪声和空间量化误差的影响，提高了斑点目标跟踪精度。     

Solar Ultraviolet Bursts

The term “ultraviolet (UV) burst” is introduced to describe small, intense, transient brightenings in ultraviolet images of solar active regions. We inventorize their properties and provide a definition based on image sequences in transition-region lines. Coronal signatures are rare, and most bursts are associated with small-scale, canceling opposite-polarity fields in the photosphere that occur in emerging flux regions, moving magnetic features in sunspot moats, and sunspot light bridges. We also compare UV bursts with similar transition-region phenomena found previously in solar ultraviolet spectrometry and with similar phenomena at optical wavelengths, in particular Ellerman bombs. Akin to the latter, UV bursts are probably small-scale magnetic reconnection events occurring in the low atmosphere, at photospheric and/or chromospheric heights. Their intense emission in lines with optically thin formation gives unique diagnostic opportunities for studying the physics of magnetic reconnection in the low solar atmosphere. This paper is a review report from an International Space Science Institute team that met in 2016–2017.     

An Adaptive Model Following Control of Industrial Manipulators

Using the adaptive model following control (AMFC) technique, a control system is developed to obtain high performance of an industrial manipulator that has wide variations in its payload and spatial configuration. The main advantage of this technique over other methods is simplicity in computation, which provides the capability of real-time control calculation with today's microprocessors. Moreover, it guarantees automatically the stability of the overall system without requiring any additional stability analysis. In order to demonstrate the capability of this technique, we have conducted a computer simulation for the Unimation PUMA 600 series manipulator. The simulation results agree well with the expected high performance of the control system: (1) computational requirements are much less than other existing ones, and (2) it provides the capability of adapting to large variations in payload and spatial configuration. Also presented is a comparison of the amount of its required computation with that of other methods.